What is Autism? Understanding the spectrum

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects how individuals perceive the world and interact with others. Often misunderstood, autism presents a wide range of traits, from difficulty with social interactions to laser-focused interest in certain topics (ask an autistic person about their favourite hobby, and you might be there a while). Autism isn’t a one-size-fits-all condition; it’s a spectrum that encompasses various levels of communication challenges, behavioural patterns, and sensory sensitivities. Some may need significant support, while others live quite independently, but the common thread is that autism shapes how we experience the world.

For those diagnosed with autism, the journey often begins long before they hear the word “autism.” Many of us, myself included, grew up feeling different but not knowing why. Social situations felt a bit like complex algebra: small talk was baffling, and spontaneity could bring on a cold sweat. Structure and routine became the anchors in my life, while unexpected changes felt like someone switched the channel in the middle of my favourite show. Solitude and special interests provided a sense of peace and control—and in some cases, a treasure trove of random knowledge.

Undiagnosed for years, many—including me—attributed these quirks to “just being a bit odd.” In my case, I didn’t receive a diagnosis until my thirties, by which time I’d been wrestling with social interactions, burnout, and feeling out of place in situations others seemed to navigate effortlessly. For many, a diagnosis brings an “aha” moment, a relief to finally understand what’s going on. But for me, it was a bit like learning I’d been unknowingly operating in “expert mode” my entire life. It required a full system reboot as I reevaluated who I was and how I fit in.

Autism gave me an explanation but also meant rethinking my coping mechanisms, relationships, and expectations for myself. I had to confront the reality that depression, burnout, and feeling disconnected from loved ones would be challenges I’d continue facing. This realisation was daunting but ultimately helpful, allowing me to better understand my needs and develop strategies to navigate life more effectively.

One of the most misunderstood aspects of autism is social interaction. Many of us crave meaningful relationships, but let’s face it—social cues can feel like an entirely different language. Eye contact, reading facial expressions, and interpreting body language can be mentally exhausting. Some of us may seem disinterested or aloof, even though we genuinely care. And yes, after a social gathering, we may just need a quiet space to “recharge the batteries” (preferably with no more human interaction).

Autism also shapes how we process sensory information. Sounds, lights, textures, and even certain smells can become overwhelming. A minor background noise to one person might feel like a blaring alarm to someone on the spectrum. This sensitivity explains why many of us find comfort in structure and predictability. Having a bit of control in an often intense and chaotic world can make a world of difference.